Smooth movement and Manhattan path based Random Waypoint mobility

In this paper, we study the stationary node distribution of a variation of the Random Waypoint mobility model, in which nodes move in a smooth way following one randomly chosen Manhattan path connecting two points. We provide analytical results for the spatial node stationary distribution of this model. As an application, we exploit this result to derive an upper bound on the transmission range of the nodes of a MANET, moving according to this model, that guarantees the connectivity of the communication graph with high probability.     

Bread making with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113‐5D expressing lipase A from Bacillus subtilis: leavening characterisation and aroma enhancement

Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113‐5D strain as a cell wall‐immobilised enzyme. The recombinant yeast was used in bread making to test the effect of lipase A on the bread properties such as rheological and aromatic properties. The results were compared to the not transformed strain and the commercial baker's yeast. The recombinant strain resulted a good leavening agent comparable to the commercial baker's yeasts provided 1% sucrose was added to the dough. Whereas, during the leavening, the trend of the rheological properties (cohesivness, gumminess and rigidity) differed from the commercial and the nontransformed (NT) strains. Moreover, using of the recombinant strain enhanced total aroma which achieved in the baked product a value of 9 μg per g_product vs the 4 and 5 μg per g_product of the NT strain and the commercial baker's yeast, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a bacterial lipase is used in bread making.     

Engineering and verifying agent-oriented requirements augmented by business constraints with $${\mathcal{B}}$$-Tropos

We propose B{\mathcal{B}}-Tropos as a modeling framework to support agent-oriented systems engineering, from high-level requirements elicitation down to execution-level tasks. In particular, we show how B{\mathcal{B}}-Tropos extends the Tropos methodology by means of declarative business constraints, inspired by the ConDec graphical language. We demonstrate the functioning of B{\mathcal{B}}-Tropos using a running example inspired by a real-world industrial scenario, and we describe how B{\mathcal{B}}-Tropos models can be automatically formalized in computational logic, discussing formal properties of the resulting framework and its verification capabilities.     

Increase of forage dryness induces differentiated anatomical response in the sheep rumen compartments

The aim of this study was to investigate how the Surface Enlargement Factor (SEF) and the epithelial keratinization degree of sheep rumen change in response to phytomass production, and to forage fiber and water content during the pasture vegetative cycle. The study used eighteen sheep nourished with dry hay and cereals during the winter season and with fresh hay during the pasture vegetative cycle. We collected samples from rumen indicative regions for two consecutive years characterized by different rainfall and pasture productivity values. We evaluated the densities (D) of rumen papillae to estimate the rumen SEF, and the keratinization percentage of the epithelial lining; these parameters showed differentiated modifications in the four ruminal analyzed compartments in response to pasture seasonal conditions. In addition, we performed Canonical Redundancy Analysis (RDA) on the “keratinization and SEF” matrix constrained by phytomass, water, and crude fiber contents of pasture at different time in the two considered years to highlight how rumen features answer to pasture conditions. Atrium (A) and ventral sac (VS) keratinization showed a strict positive correlation to crude fiber, while SEF of VS was positively related to phytomass and forage water content. The degree of keratinization of the rumen VS epithelium proved to be a useful parameter for evaluating anatomical variations in the short term period related to pasture features; in addition, its monitoring could be carried out through biopsy, thus avoiding the killing of animals. The study also leads to the application of the 3Rs (Replacement; Reduction; and Refinement). Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:738–743, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Microbiological,chemical and sensory aspects of bread supplemented with different percentages of the culinary mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in powder form

Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. powder was used in bread production. Three dough trials (0, 5 and 10% of mushroom) were obtained with commercial baker's yeast. P. eryngii powder was first tested against several yeast species; 10% P. eryngii trial was characterised by the highest pH and total titratable acidity. P. eryngii did not influence negatively the fermentation process, since all trials reached yeast levels of 10⁸ CFU g⁻¹. Mushroom powder decreased bread height and softness, increased crust redness and crumb void fraction and cell density and, although the breads were scored diverse, the overall assessment was comparable. The final breads provided higher concentrations of thiamin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid than control breads and, mostly importantly, supplied biotin, cobalamin and cholecalciferol generally absent in wheat bread. P. eryngii can be cultivated on food residues. Thus, its inclusion in functional bread production represents an optimal strategy for the valorisation of food processing by-products.     

Contrasting decay of historical building stone: relationships between petrophysical features and frontal polymerization treatment suitability on medieval buildings of north Sardinia,Italy

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Textural, physical–mechanical, and mineralogical–chemical properties influence the degradation of building stone. These properties...     

城市设计促进环境文化

过去30年里，欧洲的工业生产体系逐步从高度集中于工业区的福特主义向分散制造的后福特主义转变。随着这种转型，西方国家城市普遍出现旧工业区。这些地方依然有着潜在的经济价值，但荒废弃置阻碍了这些价值的发挥。为释放其经济价值，迫切需要以保护和循环利用的策略来取代拆迁和重建。自20世纪70年代以来，工业遗产地的实验性更新策略已成为设计实践的保留节目。 　　文章通过对德国鲁尔河谷埃姆歇公园、荷兰阿姆斯特丹废弃旧港区NDSM 码头和Sulzerareal——一座位于瑞士Winterthur的旧钢铁联合企业——3个案例的批判性对比，提出讨论"自适应再利用"方法。这些设计通过实验性的新替代策略实现工业区的更新，尽量减少必须的干预和激活长周期过程，与完全修复相比，这显得更有效率也更经济。这个过程通常始于大片场地中一小块剩余场地的物质性修复，从而引发周围环境和城市关系的改进。这种方法通常提高地区的可达性，增加其孔隙度和均质性，避免产生与毗邻用地没有联系的社会隔离的飞地。这也可能激活与该地区有影响力的正式或非正式社会组织协商的进程，实践以人为本的治理和问责。这一转型进程吸引或排斥哪些人，他们的水平如何，将决定新的市民中心能否巩固，也关乎后工业时代的身份认同。 　　除了物质空间影响之外，对这些转型的分析突出了该进程对社会融合、生态和文化意识的提升的影响，这些都是环境转型中的关键问题。     

Chronoamperometry as effective alternative technique for electro-synthesis of ortho-phenylendiamine permselective films for biosensor applications

Analyte quantification in first generation electrochemical biosensors is threatened by electro-active molecules, such as ascorbic acid (AA). Electrochemical deposition of ortho-phenylendiamine (oPD) on transducer considerably reduces AA interfering. These properties of poly-oPD (PPD) are influenced by electro-polymerization conditions. Chronoamperometry (CA) is proposed as an alternative technique for oPD electro-deposition over Pt. Pt/PPD sensors are evaluated through functional parameters related to AA rejection and analytical performances. N₂, O₂, and air bubbled supporting electrolyte and several step duration times are used. Best performing CA-PPD sensor is obtained in N₂-purged phosphate solution containing 300 mM oPD by means of a 1 s step duration/120 steps CA. High performing PPD is achieved in shorter time compared to commonly used constant potential amperometry. Aging of polymeric features and scanning electron microscopy investigations are performed and optimized CA electro-polymerization conditions are used to build up an efficient interference blocking layer in a glucose oxidase biosensor.